Cooling System

Cooling systems are an important part in our cars because they cool the engine as we go along the road to our destination . Most people forget that their cars needs water or coolant to cool down every now and then because if your car heats up that means a lot of water and a bit of coolant is wasted , Why i said a lot of water because water becomes gas before its boiling point under pressure meaning starts to turn to steam when the temperature gets to 85-95 C . that is why car manufactures and proper technicians say u need to use coolant instead of water , enough about that ! , there r two main types of cooling system in our vehicles .

1. Air Cooling System
2. Water Cooling System

Air Cooling System :-

                                Its a system which cools the engine by air which is passed through the fins which absorb heat from the cylinder directly and cools the engine . It is mostly used in Motorbikes and electronics ( Like Computers ) now a days but it was used in the legendary Volkswagen Beetle 

Advantages:-

1. The engine with a Air cooling system was much cheaper to make because of it low material and parts.
2. It took only a small amount of space on the engine and the vehicle.
3. It was Easier to maintain a car with Air cooling system (its maintains was cleaning the fins and that's it ).

Disadvantages:-

1. It could not cool the engine properly in High Temperature regions like Middle East.
2. It is less effective when the car is stationary because in a stationary car the air is not going through the fins to cool it down .
3. It could not cool down the engine properly since the engines life is deceased due to heat and the ware it causes in the engine

Problems and Causes :-

                                      Mostly it does not cause any problems unless u damage the cooling fins or there is too much dust and dirt between the fins which provides resistance for the air which passes through the fins to cool the engine .

Water Cooling System :-

                                         This type of cooling system is widely used in cars now a days , This system cools the engine by flowing cool water or coolant near the hot cylinders inside the block , As shown on the side the cooled water  or coolant is drawn by the water pump which throws it inside the block water jets which goes near the cylinder where the explosions are taking place , its only separated by a wall between the cylinder and the water jets which becomes hot when combustion takes place and the water carries the heat from it to the radiator outside the block where it cools down the water or coolant which goes back to the jets to carry the water or coolant back to the jets to carry heat and vise verse

Advantages:-

1. It is more effective in all weather conditions
2. It provides more cooling to the engine because of its continuous flow of water even if the car is stationary or uniform.

Disadvantages:-

1. It requires more space in the vehicle because it has more parts then the air cooling system.
2.  It has more maintenance then the air cooling system
3. It cost more to manufacture since it is expensive

Problems and Causes:-

                                    There are many problems which could occur in a water cooled system 

• Thermostat valve not working : this means that the water or coolant inside the block will stay inside the block and circulate in it constantly without going to the radiator for cooling.
• Radiator Fan : If the fan is not working the water coming to the radiator will not cool down which causes it to evaporate thus the engine starts to become hotter then usual .
• Water Jets Leaking or seal Leaking : this means that there is a leak in the system by which the water or coolant is flushed out of the lines and radiator causing temperature rise .
• Radiator Cap : Yes ! radiator cap also plays an important part in it if the radiator cap is not properly put or the rubber or valve is not working it would leak out all the water or coolant or evaporate all of it .
• Cooling Grills : Cooling Grills must be clean so that the air can pass easily through it to cool down the water , if choked the water will not cool down hence rise in temperature will occur.
• Water Pump : if fan belt is lose or the water pump is rusted up it would not throw the water inside the engine block causing to over heated engine
• Reservoir : The reservoir also play an important role in the cooling system , It gives and takes extra water or coolant when vacuum or pressure is created inside the radiator.

Hope this was Helpful ! Pardon my lack of knowledge if any mistakes

Minor Engine Tuning

Minor Engine tuning is all about the basic things u change very now and then to keep your cars performance as it was on the first day . Some People dont even do that so there cars start to lose performance due to simple little things and many Pay Enormous fees to replace simple things which we can replace our selves Things Like :

1. Oil Change : People just forget that a car needs oil change very now and then . i can say that there r many oil companies to chose from which provide oils which last from 2000 - 5000 Km to 15,000 - 30,000 Km . even with that much people still forget that a car needs an oil change , Bad oil causes alot of problem because as long as the engine is running the oil it getting contaminated as well . As shown on the Right the oil becomes from gold to coal as we drive along because it is carrying in it very small metal scraps which come off the cylinder walls and every where there is metal knocking metal like head , pump and other places in the Engine , Even the Transmission Oil needs to be changed because it also have a live many people change the engine oil but forgets or thinks that the transmission oil last forever (specially for a manual gearbox) , NO ! every oil in the car need to be changed even the brake oil needs replacement .
2.  Air Filters : Yes the air filter plays an important part as well because it is the only thing that provides clean air to the engine if its not present that engine will give out very soon , But if it is there but hasn't been replace in a long time that can cause missing and starting trouble in the engine , Air filter on the choked with air dust and contamination example is like putting a dust filled piece of cloth on your mouth to protect yourself from a dust storm , so it too is needed to be replaced so your car can breath fresh air every time it runs 
3. Battery Cleaning : It is a Simple Task in which u have to keep the battery clean by cleaning it with mild water socked cloth , from the time a battery is putted in a car carbon particles start to built up which suck the power form the battery going to other electronic devices causing the car to slow down on things like it will take more time to start and will have a lower pick then before and will decease the battery's life then it normally have

 All the talk about these things in the end is that if u take car of simple things yourself your car will stay the way it was when it first arrive .

Turbo Charger and Super Charger

Difference between a Turbo Charger and a Super Charger 

A Turbo Charger and a Super Charger is a device which is used to increase the output power of the engine by compressing more Air/Fuel Mixture in the cylinder .Both have the similar purpose to pressurize air in the intake manifold the difference lies in the shape and the way it compress the air in the manifold

Left:Turbo Charger

Right: Super Charger

Turbo Charger:-

                                           It uses the energy from the burned gases coming out of the cylinder,This way it is more economical then its counterpart . A Turbo provide more Power at high RPMs then at Low RPMs , But because it dose not waste useful energy it is more popular then the Super Charger

How It Works:-

                            Its Working as a electric turbine used in Dams. When the Exhaust gases from the engine come out of the cylinder by the push of the pistons exhaust stroke it creates pressure in them which moves the turbine wheel too which another turbine wheel is fitted via a shaft which is called compressor wheel . As shown on the right . The Exhaust gases(Red Lines) coming from the engine rotates the turbine wheel to which the compressor wheel is attached which creates vacuum thus sucking air from the air outside and pumping it in the intake manifold (Blue Lines).

Care and Maintenance:-

                                          Since is has more components then the Super Charger it requirement more Care and Maintenance . The Turbo Charger becomes very hot because of  the exhaust thus it requires oil from the engine to cool the shaft transferring the centrifugal force . If the oil is not supplied to the shaft it will jam the bearings in the Turbo thus damaging the Turbo . And a Boost pressure Regulator simply known as a Blow-off Valve is used to control the pressurized air in the manifold that it dose not become too much for the intake to hold . If the Pressure is too much the Turbo will start making a Shuttering sound which causes damage to the Engine's and the Turbo's Life.

Problems and Causes:-

1. The main problem with a turbo is that it becomes jammed in many cars due to carelessness when you use a turbo and are about to shut off the engine do it after waiting at idle for about 3-5 minutes too let the Turbo cool down if u don't the hot oil in the turbo will stop moving due to which the hot oil will cause bearing ware thus jamming the turbo fans
2. Turbo Shuttering is caused because of the blow-off valve not set properly, Setting it properly will solve that problem the setting of the blow-off valve depends on the size of the Turbo
3. Some Turbo Chargers use Intercoolers , If the intercooler is choked because of dust of other contamination's the vehicle will start missing or start back firing . So it is advise to keep the intercooler clean. 

 Super Charger:-

                                            The Super Charger uses the Power of the crankshaft to work , Thus it wastes the power of the engine but provide better response then at low RPMs .Because it is working if the engine is working.The Turbo doesn't work till meduim RPMs like 5000 RPMs.Where as the Super Charger Even Works at Idle speed (800 RPMs) 

 How It Works:-

                             It has Fins or Propellers shaped like Loops or Screws as Shown on the Right . The Fan Belt Rotates the main gear connected to both Fins which rotates the Fins which pushes the air inside the intake manifold . It has simpler mechanics then the Turbo.

That means More the Engine RPMs more the air is being compressed in the intake manifold.

Care and Maintenance:-

                                          Since it does not have that much components it is nearly maintenance free . The only maintenance it requires is that no dust or other solid particles does not reach the Super Charger through the Air Filter , Because it will cause its bearings to get stuck thus jamming the loops or fins

                                                                                                   

 Problems and Causes:-

                                        There is only one problem which occurs in Super Chargers if Fitted to a small engine it will start to cause back fire and miss fires in the cylinder which can be dangerous to the driver and can cause accidents (small Engine as in lower then 1.5 liters )

Hope This was Helpful 

If there is a mistake in any topic because of my low knowledge point it out for me so i can study it again ! Thank You

Smoke Problems and Solution

When anything goes wrong in the engine the first thing we see is the smoke from the exhaust after that every thing goes "BOOM" Not Really

Her some problems which cause smokes of different colours (not like a rainbow).

White Smoke

How will you know what is Wrong:
                                                       The Engine will start to become hot because of the low level of coolant and the oil will start to become milky and non-sticky , The inside of the cylinders will start to rust from the sides and cause alot of wear in the cylinders and obviously you will start to see alot of white smoke from the exhaust .

Why? :
            The main reason of white smoke is that water or coolant is leaking in the cylinder and is getting burned out because of heat. This is caused by a gasket leak if u just got your engine overhauled you are in for a surprise cause the gasket is not properly alined with the block jets(oil and water jets) and it get worst ,Why ? because once a gasket is pressed it can not be used again on the engine it has to be changed with a new one .

How to Prevent:
                           You can use engine treatment like Slick 50 and AbroLube which i have tried on a few cars for a cure for a small amount of time like 15,000-25,000 KM or the oil Treatments like Stop Smoke ,But they are only for one time use only till you drain the oil . But if you want to cure this for good the head gasket need to be changed by proper mechanics


Grey Smoke

This is the only image i could find which was close to grey smoke

How will you know what is Wrong:
                                                       The car will start to waste oil so the engines oil level will start to decease time to time and if not careful the engine pistons will be seized due to oil not reaching the piston rings and cause alot of wear leading to piston seize.You will not see alot of smoke from the exhaust only a little is seen like puffs of smoke and a bad smell will follow if u stand behind it !
This is also called Blue Smoke

Why? :
            There are mainly Three reasons for this
          1:Gasket Leak
          2:Weak Rings
          3:Worn Cylinder

1. If the gasket is burned due to low coolant level the pressure in the cylinder during compression stroke of the piston causes to crack to a near by jet (Oil or Water Jets)
2. The compression rings of the engine become worn out due to high RPM Revering constantly (not like performance cars or modified cars which are fitted with oil Cooler and dry sumps) which cause the piston rings to weaken and start creating blow by effect, In which the compression of the Air/Fuel mixture is released in the oil sump which takes some oil through the positive crankcase ventilation system and in to the cylinder again to provide a temporary seal of oil to produce enough power to keep the engine running,so it starts to consume oil thus grey smoke is produced 
3. If any Cylinder of the engine is cracked or damaged form the sides in start to consume a lot of oil as well and starts missing a lot at high RPMs and lot of grey smoke is produce due to this which is fairly visible  

 How to Prevent : 

1. For the First reason the Head gasket need to be changed like in the above section 
2. For the second reason u can use a thick oil or Engine Treatments like mentioned above to cure this permanently u need to change the piston rings which is costly
3. If the Cylinder is Damage from the inside it need to be changed because thick oil and treatments can only prevent it for a time being and a New Block for a Engine is freaking Expensive so i suggest changing the car 

Black Smoke

How will you know what is Wrong:
                                                       Black smoke is nothing to be afraid of if u think wasting fuel is a good Idea.Most cars give out a bit of black smoke when they are started mostly in cold weather because that is a mechanism given in every car .But if your car gives constantly black Smoke it is wasting a lot of fuel because something is wrong with it.

Why? :

            This is a Mechanism which is active even in carbureted cars to start quickly in bad weather or u get the engine to the proper VOT (Vehicle Operating Temperature) Which is 75-82 C for carbureted cars and 82-85 C for EFI Cars ,And Diesel cars give out Black Smoke all the time nbut ot that much that the person behind him cant even see were he is going !

This is kinda Normal for a Diesel at Startup

How to Prevent this :

                                   This just means that your car is wasting fuel so u should get it cheeked by a  proper Mechanic

1. If your car is Carbureted u need to adjust the Fuel Mixture Screw located behind the carburetor
2. Modern EFI cars tune themselves but if they give out smoke s well there must be a Problem with the sensor (normally with a Airmass Sensor or a Oxygen Sensor) which controls the amount of fuel going in to the Cylinder
3. If Diesel With Pump the Plunger needs to be checked for wear which r in the Diesel Pump and the fast idle,max idle and the idle setting
4. If Diesel EFI Check that the pressure regulator is working or not for the Common Rail in which the diesel in filled for Injection and the Sensors ofcourse Same as the Petrol EFI

Drive System

POWER TO THE WHEELS

Today ill talk about the Wheel Drive system


There are four Types of Drive Wheel System 
1: RWD (Rear Wheel Drive)
2: FWD (Front Wheel Drive)
3: 4WD (Four Wheel Drive )
4: AWD (All Wheel Drive)


RWD:-
             Rear Wheel Drive System is the system in which the power from the transmission is given to the rear wheels of the vehicle.This foam of drive system provide better pickup and more push to the car's speed but provides less handling capabilities , meaning it loses control in rainy and snowy weather

FWD:-
             Forward Wheel Drive System is the system which transfer the power from the gearbox to the differential directly by gear to gear.This type of drive system provides better handling of the car even in bad weather like a rain storm.And it is widely used in a lot of every day cars.
   

 4WD:-
             Four Wheel Drive System is the system which is used in all off roaders.Its main components is a gear selecting differential which lets you select which side of wheels you want to drive and which to move freely. Because of the rough terrain u constantly need to switch between front and rear wheel drive. In the picture to the right the jeep needs to be put in the front wheel drive so it can get out of the ditch.Similarly when climbing a mountain with a straight road the power should be in the rear wheels to push the jeep up the mountain

AWD:-
             This is a system which is widely used in performance cars from big lambos to the famous GTR.In this system the all the wheels receive power from the transmission contentiously there are computer systems now a days which controls the power going to the wheels by means of brake pads and clutches.This system lowers the overall speed of the vehicle by a bit but provides better control over the car during turnings and corners.it is similar to the 4wd system but it does not have a selector gear for the drive train so all the wheels r driven all the time 

Hope this was helpful

Fuel Feed System

UNDER THE HOOD

I'll talk about the type of fuel feed system on which a Petrol engine works 


well there r two types of fuel feed system for the engine


1: Carburetor
2: EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection)


Carburetor:-
                       A carbuetor is a device which mixes fuel with the air going in to the cylinder through  the intake manifold.In a carbureted engine the intake manifold is filled with air and fuel which is drawn in the cylinder when the valves open,the intake stroke of the piston pulls the air/fuel mixture inside the cylinder.This is what a carburator looks like

This is a Normal Carburetor it is located below the Air cleaner and what ever the company a all normal Carburetor look like this.Usually if it looks Different it may have a vacuum advance unit attached to it so if u take that away it looks like this. This is the tiny thing which has been driving the cars for nearly a Century.Its Technology is still being made because of old cars in the world but they r now more advanced and more powerful then there predecessor. A Modified Carburetor looks like this 

This is a Serial Intake Carburetor of a 4 Cylinder Engine


EFI:-
          Electronic Fuel Injection consist of different parts and components.Why is it dominating now a days is because it provide more fuel efficiency,uses less fuel and provide better Throttle Response.How?! Because it injects the required amount of fuel according to the amount of air being drawn in the cylinder and its know that because of the Sensors which r constantly giving output signal to the ECU(Electronic Control Unit) which is controlling the Injectors

 A Common Fuel Injector Rail with Injectors 


Note : The EFI system has nothing to do with the Ignition System mostly people think that if a car is EFI it is Distributorless , No ! An EFI car can have a distributor ( A Device used to distribute the high Voltage to ignite the Air/Fuel Mixture in each cylinder) .

I will Talk about then in detail later on ! 
Hopefully this was helpful !

Introduction !

Well since this is my first blog ill introduce myself

My name is Zaid
I am doing a Diploma in Auto & Diesel Technology from St.Patrick's Institute of Science and Technology in Sadder Karachi (almost finished)

i am usually a free guy so i though i should open up a blog spot  and share my experience with every one

i will try to post as much as possible and cars and the technology that they use and how can u make your car go Fast and Faster (Safety First)

i know a few tips and tricks about Engines and power Transmissions

and i know almost all the problems and there causes which effect the cars performance (ALMOST as in not all)so i may be able to solve alot of problems related to the engine and the transmission specially the automatic transmission problems which know one gets cause its not that popular here in karachi with our local mechanics

and i aim to know every thing there is to know about cars "EVERYTHING"

hopefully ill be of help to other ppl

thankx ^_^